The relationship between the Iraqi tribes and the Mamluk Ottoman rulers: Dawood Pasha as an Example

Abstract

After the fall of the Abbasid state 1258 CE, Iraq was exposed to many calamities. These catastrophes were predicated on several forces that began with the Mongol invasion through some Islamic forces from Qura Quinlo, 1411, and Quoilu 1435, then Safavid 1501, ending with Ottoman control in 1514 after the Battle of Jaldiran. Iraq was governed  by a number of governors whose controlling periods differed between the rule of the best and the rule of fire and iron. It is necessary to shed light on the relationship of the Iraqi tribes with these forces, which controlled their capabilities in a period of time. The period in which the governor Dawood Pasha ruled 1817 - 1831 and the relationship between him and the Iraqi tribes as a model of how to deal with the dominant power of the country and tribal leaders who were part of the local customs after the absence of the National Authority